How widespread is diabetes?

This has been difficult to determine accurately, because about half the people with diabetes do not know they have it. Population studies based on the assessment of medical records, prescription patterns and postal questionnaires suggested an overall prevalence of about 1-1.5 per cent in the UK. However, this may be an underestimate, because a survey in 1993 by the Office of Population Census and Surveys, in which over 16,500 people were interviewed, revealed a prevalence of 3 per cent over the whole age range. If this is extrapolated to the over 16 population, the total of people with diabetes is just under 1.4 million in the UK. Of these, from 1-1.25 million will have type 2. Attempts to determine the incidence of diabetes have produce varied results ranging from 16 to 100 new cases per 100,000 of the population per year. In global terms, the diabetes problem is massive and is growing rapidly. A detailed study estimated that in 1997, there were 124 million people in the world with diabetes, of whom 97 per cent had type 2. By the year 2010, the number of people with diabetes has been projected to rise to 221 million, largely as a result of adverse lifestyle changes in developing countries in Asia and Africa leading to obesity and inactivity. There are very large differences in the number of cases of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in different countries. Thus the incidence of type 1 varies from about 30 cases per 100,000 per year in Finland to only 1 per 100,000 per year in Japan. The UK figure is around 10. The prevalence of type 2 also varies.
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